Eiffel's Race to the Top

March 9th, 1953, 5 million people attend Stalin’s funeral. A revolutionary lacking in both charisma and stature, Stalin came to power almost by chance, and his 30-year reign saw him become the most Machiavellian and bloodthirsty of dictators. The man who insisted on being called “The Father of the People” massacred his own countrymen, and was responsible for the death of some 20 million people. Soon forgetting his former ideological stance, he mercilessly crushed anyone who opposed him, in both word and deed. His camps for reform through hard labor – known as “gulags” – turned 18 million Russians into slaves. He not only murdered his opponents but his best friends too, and even sometimes members of his own family. His cruelty knew no bounds. Through colorized archive material rich in previously unseen footage, and many accounts from the period including some from Stalin himself, this documentary tells the story of a man who turned a dream into a nightmare.

More than a thousand years ago, a brilliant civilization unified by the Arabic language stretched from Spain to the banks of the Indus River. Between the 8th and 13th centuries, as it expanded its territory, its scholars gathered and translated medical knowledge from antiquity, enriching it with their own discoveries. During this period, Geber, Al-Kindi, Al-Razi, Avicenna, and Averroes observed, experimented, and compared to develop thousands of remedies, laying the foundations of modern pharmacology.

On January 15, 1972, Leonid Pliouchtch, a Ukrainian mathematician who was unknown at the time, was locked up in a Soviet psychiatric institution and accused of dissidence. His wife, Tatiana, fought for his defense and contacted a committee of French mathematicians to help him. Led by Laurent Schwartz, they launched a three-year campaign to secure his release and succeeded in getting the USSR to back down on the issue.

May 5, 1821. Napoleon Bonaparte, deposed emperor exiled on the island of St. Helena, is about to take his last breath. The son of a Corsican family, he has been close to death on many occasions since, as a young captain in the revolutionary army, he seized Toulon from the royalists in 1793.

Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch: great scientists, national icons, opponents in the service of research. One is a Frenchman and chemist and is already in the second half of his life. He is honored worldwide with numerous prizes for his discovery of the rabies vaccine. The other was a still unknown German country doctor in his 30s, whose discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus was later awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine. From 1881, the two were bitter rivals. Their 20-year rivalry resulted in spectacular progress in the fight against deadly epidemics.

A look at relevant scientific issues

On June 26, 1813, Austrian Foreign Minister Klemens von Metternich went to meet Napoleon Bonaparte at his headquarters in Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony. Although the French emperor still dominated Europe, the disastrous Russian campaign had sapped his military power. Could France continue to count on Austria's support? A nine-hour private meeting would decide the fate of Europe.

Nuremberg is where Nazi congresses were held. In the city where Hitler gathered huge crowds of fanatics, the court hosted in 1945 the greatest trial in History. The Allied victors judged those responsible for the Third Reich. Among the defendants are the Führer's closest surviving accomplices. But not only them: defendant number 27 is not even a man. It is an entire organization: the SS were a state within the state – which ruled all the police – with its own army, within the Nazi regime.

On March 9, 1953, Joseph Stalin was buried in Moscow in front of a million people. His funeral is that of a demi-God. Ultimate paradox for one of the greatest criminals in History who brought misfortune to his people while arousing collective admiration.

During the Nuremberg Trials, the victors of the Second World War judge those responsible for the Third Reich.